Full text of "The Shekel, vol. 11, no. 4, 1978"

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Vol. XI, No. 4

JULY -AUGUST, 1978

PRICE $2.00

MORRIS BRAM, STELLA B. HACKEL, Director of the U.S. Mint

Published by the AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION, INC.

OUR ORGANIZATION

AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION

P. O. BOX 499, FRESH MEADOWS STATION, FLUSHING, NEW YORK 11365

ARNOLD H. KAGAN, President
EDWARD SCHUMAN, Executive Vice-President
SIDNEY L. OLSON, Treasurer
STANLEY YUL1SH, Secretary
MORRIS BRAM, Chairman of the Board

BEN M. ABELSON
MORRIS BRAM
HARRY FLOWER
MILTON FISHGOLD

THE BOARD OF

SILVIA HAFFNER
EDWARD JANIS
ARNOLD H. KAGAN
ROBERT MESSING

DIRECTORS:

FRED ROGANSON
EDWARD SCHUMAN
SIDNEY L. OLSON
NATHAN SOBEL

IRVING RUDIN
PETER MOSS
MOE WEINSCHEl
STANLEY YULISH

REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENTS

EDWARD JANIS, New York MILTON FISHGOLD, W. Coast HARRY FLOWER, Midwest
IRVING RUDIN, New England PETER MOSS, East Coast EDWARD SCHUMAN, Southeast

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE OF A.I.N.A.

The AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION is a cultural and educational
organization dedicated to the study and collection of the numismatic aspects of IsraeYs coinage ,
past and present. It is a democratically organized, membership oriented group, chartered as a
non-profit association under the laws of the State of New York.

As an educational organization, the primary responsibility is the development of programs ,
publications, meetings and other activities which will bring news, history, technical, social and
related backgrounds to the study of numismatics. Membership us open to all men of goodwill
and to clubs who share the common goals of the Association.

The Association is the publisher of The Shekel, a six times a year journal and news magazine
prepared for the enlightenment and education of the membership. It neither solicits or accepts
advertising, paid or unpaid. Its views are the views and opinions of the writers and the pages
and columns are open to all who submit material deemed by the editors to be of interest to
the members .

The Association sponsors such major cultural/ social /numismatic events as an annual Study
Tour to Israel, national and regional conventions and such other activities and enterprises which
will benefit the members . Dues are paid annually at $8.00 per year ; life memberships are offered
to all at $125.00 per year. Y our interest and participation will be welcomed by any of the affil-
iated clubs or as a general member of the Association.

The Editor 9 » Drawer

This is another super size SHEKEL. The complete story of the recently held
Greater New York Coin Convention, the A.I.N.A. convention is told in both words
and pictures in this issue.

The monologue on Egyptian Paper Money used in Palestine is completed now,
and already has become the authority for Egyptian Mandate Notes. There are many
varied articles in this issue, several on a different tangent, but all qualified to ap-
pear in the SHEKEL.

There are several new faces on the A.I.N.A. board. We have a New President,
a New office. Chairman of the Board, very soon a new home for our organization
in South Florida, and there is also a New postage stamp on the envelope that con-
tained your SHEKEL. It now costs 40 cents to mail the Shekel, an increase of better
than 30%. So this may be the last Super size SHEKEL you will receive.

See you next issue.

E.S.

The SHEKEL

Volume XI, No. 4 (Consec. No. 48) JULY-AUGUST, 1978

EDWARD SCHUMAN, Editor

NUMISMATIC CONSULTANTS IN ISRAEL
ELI SEMMELMAN SAMUEL MATALON

SAMUEL LACHMAN DOV GENACHOWSKI

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Message from Your Out-going President 2

The President’s Message 3

Cooperatives in Israel by Sydney L. Olson 4

Israel Government Coins and Medals Corporation 8

A.I.N.A. at the A.N.A. Houston ’78 8

Egyptian Paper Money Used in Israel (Part 3) by Samuel Lachman 9

Post-Reform Arab Coinage in Eretz Yisroal by Edward Janis 14

America n-Israel Numismatic Association, Inc. Financial Statement 6/30/77 16

6th Greater New York Coin Convention by Edward Schuman 17

The Israeli Coin Collector’s Book Shelf by Dr. Uriel Paul Federbush 25

Three Hundred Years: The Second National Jewish-Amcrican Medal

by Dr. Uriel Paul Federbush 26

Coin That Predicted Sadat’s Mission to Jerusalem by D. Bernard Hoenig 34

Coins of Ancient Israel by David Hendin 36

The Morgenthaus by Edward Schuman 37

Profile of a Signature — Avraham Etkind by Franz Frankl 39

Proclamation — National Coin Week Inside Back Cover

City of Los Angeles Proclamation Back Cover

THE AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION, INC. / An Educational Informational
Non-Profit Organization: Published six times a year. Membership $8.00 per year. Send all
remittances, undelivered magazines, change of address and zip code with old address label
to P. O. Box 499, Fresh Meadows Station, Flushing, New York 11365.

Printed in the U. S. A.

A Message from

Your Out-going President

Dear A.I.N.A. Member:

After eleven fruitful
and rewarding years,

I have decided to re-
tire as the President
of the American Israel
Numismatic Associa-
tion. It has not been |
an easy decision to
make ... to give up
a dream realized. morris bram

In the beginning, it was but a dream
. . . one filled with vision, determination,
persistence and hard work. The combined
efforts of a few, slowly building, brick by
brick, the foundation of a tremendously
valuable organization, has resulted in the
A.I.N.A. we know today.

We can point with great satisfaction to
achievements like our bi-monthly publica-
tion, The SHEKEL; the growth and ac-
complishments of the I.N.S. Clubs; our
Annual Study Tour to Israel; the response
to our early A.I.N.A. Convention; the pub-
lication of several books which have served
as tools of learning and research for those
interested in Judaic Numismatics and Exo-
numia. In just a decade, we have come
to be a respected and honored interna-
tional spokesman for Judaic Numismatics.

I never saw myself as A.I.N.A.'s Pres-
ident. I was just in the right place at the
right time. I've always thought of myself
as an ordinary man, recognizing my limit-
ations, but willing to do the best I can
with what capacities I do have. I've been
fortunate, but could not have done it
alone.

While extending my thanks to the many
who have assisted me through the years,
I wish to express my sincerest appreciation
to my dear friends Edward Schuman, Ed-
ward Janis and Nathan Sobel for their tire-
less efforts on behalf of the American-
Israel Numismatic Association. To Yitzhak
Avni, Director General of the Israel Gov-
ernment Coins and Medals Corporation,

and his four New York Directors, Joseph
Milo, Ephraim Levy, Raphael Aldor and
Nahum Hacohen who have been among
my closest advisors and friends, my deep-
est gratitude, for without them, A.I.N.A.
would not be where it is at the present
time.

My greatest sustenance during all these
years has been my loving and devoted
wife, Lena. In our apartment, A.I.N.A. op-
erations began, and she served as Book-
keeper, Secretary, Packer and Shipping
Clerk, as well as wise and compassionate
Counsel. Lena has contributed to the
growth and success of the American-lsrael
Numismatic Association as much as any-
one.

The growth and development of new vis-
tas for A.I.N.A in the years to come is vital.
My successor, Arnold H. Kagan, a man of
great ability and insight, will lead in these
tasks. Our organization could not be in
more capable hands, and I feel certain that
you will all cooperate with him in every
way possible.

I have been elected Chairman of the
Board, and in this capacity, I will take an
active part in A.I.N.A. Conventions, Tours
and Israel Numismatic Societies' Club ac-
tivities.

I take pride in having served as your
President. The satisfaction and knowledge
garnered from our numerous accomplish-
ments is immeasurable. I treasure the as-
sociations and friendships that have been
made possible by your unstinting devotion.
Each of you has enriched my life by your
sincere efforts, warm fellowship and con-
sistent interest in sustaining my dream.

Lena and I thank you for letting us share
with you the experience of A.I.N.A. We
wish you good health, joy and continued
success as members of so important an As-
sociation. We do not say good-bye . . .
but rather SHALOM and L'HITRAOT!

MORRIS BRAM

The President’s

Message

r " \*

This is my first opportunity to publicly thank the A.I.N.A. Board
of Directors for electing me to the office of President. I will endeavor
to follow in the footsteps of our founding president Morris Bram.
I am fortunate that Morris will take over some of the duties that
originally were performed by the president, namely, the conventions,
the trip to Israel and also the visiting of our various clubs nationwide.
How Morris was able to do this in addition to taking care of the
various other presidential duties is something I envy. I am fortunate
that he will assume these duties which will allow me to devote my

I; time to the office chores of A.I.N.A.

I have appointed several new committees which are listed else-
where in the Shekel. I stand ready to answer any questions regarding
A.I.N.A. — please write to me, care of the A.I.N.A. office. If you have
any suggestions that will benefit our organization — please write.

i| i

I am fortunate in having a great set of officers assisting me.
Ed Schuman as Executive Vice President, Sid Olson as Treasurer and
Stan Yulish as Secretary. This team, with the assistance of the new
regional Vice Presidents and the expanded Board of Directors should
allow A.I.N.A. to improve the services it offers its members and in
so doing attract new members to our association.

The A.I.N.A. office will be moving to Florida sometime in Sep-
tember. We will keep you informed as to the progress of our move
and the new location in our next edition of the Shekel.

I wish to thank you, the members of A.I.N.A. for allowing me
the opportunity to serve this great organization of ours.

Shalom

;! ARNOLD H. KAGAN

COOPERATIVES IN ISRAEL

By SIDNEY L. OLSON

J lie association-
ship of Jews with
cooperative move-
ments began to-
wards the end of
the 19th Century
and the begin-
ning of the 20th
Century. It was
spurred by the
rising socialist and
nationalist trends
among the Jews. The movement was
born because of the hostile society and
the government in which the Jews lived
at that time. They developed a genuine
need for mutual help. The main thrust
of the Jewish cooperative movement be-
fore World War I was in Russia. How-
ever, it soon spread to other European
countries and even as far away as Ar-
gentina.

Between the two World Wars the co-
operative movements spread rapidly in
Poland, Romania, and many of the Bal-
kan countries. Even in Soviet Russia the
Jews managed some cooperatives. The
need at that time was great because of
the discrimination efforts to oust the Jews
from economic positions. Unfortunately
the Holocaust put an end to the Jewish
cooperative movement in Europe.

Of interest is that a high percentage
of the cooperatives in Europe and in
South America were developed as loan
agencies because the outside world was
charging the Jews interest rates up to
30 and 40 percent annually.

In Argentina the Jewish cooperative
movement attained a very broad diversi-
fication. There were agricultural coop-
eratives as early as 1907 in Argentina
which dealt mainly with the crop market-
ing especially grain and with the pur-
chasing of supplies for farmers.

In the early 1960’s there were about
forty Jewish cooperative banks in Argen-

tina. Most important of these was the
Jewish Peoples Bank in Buenos Aires that
was established in 1921 and by 1953 had
14,885 stockholders.

The Peddler Storage Cooperatives were
established in Argentina because one of
the principal means of livelihood of the
Jews there was peddling various goods
and supplies. The range of products
handled were enormous and there were
storage depots created in many strategic
areas.

With this background, one can see that
the creation of a strong cooperative move-
ment in Israel was a natural progression.
Actually the growth of the cooperative
movement was patterned pretty much
along the lines spoken about in Argen-
tina.

Under the conditions prevailing in Pa-
lestine at the turn of the century coop-
eratives were the only way to improve
trade and aid mass settlement. Develop-
ment of these organizations were a little
different than in Europe and Argentina
because they were not rooted in a strong
socialistic nor anarchistic government.
The early Jewish settlers were forced into
these combines due to the extremely
harsh conditions in those countries that
could only be overcome in the atmos-
phere of cooperatives.

The rapid growth of immigration into
Palestine and later Israel made this move-
ment a logical way to proceed. There was
incentive in this area in which to im-
prove the productivity and the employ-
ment of new immigrants and make them
self-sufficient in a relatively short time. It
can truly be said that the rise of this
movement helped financially with the
creation of commercialism in Israel.

The first efforts at cooperative con-
sumption were with the establishment of
workers kitchens, clubs, laundries, etc.
The first consumers cooperative founded

in Rehovot in 1906 was unable to sur-
vive. One of the early and more success-
ful cooperatives were the Petah Tikvah
outside of Jaffa in 1915.

Some of the better known cooperatives
that still exist and today (are known by
the Hebrew name Moshavot) are the “as-
sociation of wine growers of Rishon Le-
Zion” and “Zikhron Yaakov” were
founded by taking over the vineyards
orginally established by Barron Edmond
de Rothschild. Other Moshavot followed
such as organizations for marketing milk
and almonds to say nothing of the trem-
endous citrus crops.

Following the establishment of the
State of Israel many changes took place
in the cooperative movement. In addition
to farms, factories, and marketing organ-
izations, we saw rising up complete co-
operative villages.

The cooperative villages were inter-
ested not only in agriculture and market-
ing of their products, but also in pro-
duction of industrial products and the
marketing of these. By the end of 1967
there were a total of 1963 cooperative
societies dealing with almost everything
from agriculture to consumer services,
and lending institutions.

Among the largest of the cooperatives
known were the transportation cooper-
atives of Egged and Dan. Both are still
in operation and operated as cooperatives.

After the establishment of the State
of Israel there were still in existence 115
Arab cooperatives.

At the present date there are three
categories of cooperatives: (1) Agricul-
tural, (2) Consumer Societies, (3) Produc-
tive & Service Cooperatives.

Cooperatives are organized in audit
unions, which in addition to checking
their accounts, run courses, issue publica-
tions, and supply information to foreign
countries in International Agencies. The
Ministry of Labor, Cooperative Societies
Division supervises compliance with the
law, registers the societies, and helps
them. In September 1970, there were

1902 cooperatives including 187 Arab
ones, which were registered. There were
410 in the areas administered under the
cease fire agreements.

Among the illustrations to follow are
examples of the tokens used by various
cooperative organizations. One of these
shown is from “Association of Food Co-
operatives Natanya, Limited” (Fig. 1).
This is one of the very large food dis-
tribution cooperatives. The example
shown was printed in many denomina-
tions and was only good in the branches
indicated by the red overprinting. Of
course in the illustration the red over-
printing would appear very large. They
also were only good when countersigned.

Another illustration is examples of the
tokens issued by Malal Village Cooper-
ative. This village is located in the Sharon
Valley and was settled in 1914. The orig-
inal name was Ein-hai and was abandon-
ed in 1921 only to be resettled as Malal
Village in 1922. The examples shown are
for currency equivalents in some cases
whereas in other cases they were for
specific items (Fig. 2 & 3). These exam-
ples shown are in Mil denominations at
the time they were printed Mil was
equal to approximately one-half cent U.S.
The range of their currency was from
one Mil to 500 Mil. Please bear in mind
that a 500 Mil token was equivalent to
a little over $2.00 U.S. at the time. In
order to control currency of this nature
there were validation stamps put on the
back together with signatures.

Another illustration shows a one Lira
token which was good for purchases at
the supply warehouse of the Moshav
Moledit Workers Co-op (Fig. 4). This
co-op was established in 1937 in South-
eastern lower Gallea.

Another example shown is a one Mil
food token issued in 1920 for the Jeru-
salem Co-operative Restaurant (Fig. 5).

There is an illustration of a token is-
sued for the employees of the Port of

q " y d n’jn: n’sirw miss

o'ai^in urn

I 000 D1DD2

Cnn« nv^)

«p01

nnK 1 ’ maynt* imj m cnSn

1 LIRA NATANYA Fig. 1

-1

”113’.

”313’.

1 - 3 D 13 3

3-3 3 3 3 3

□na no t

pa ona i

EACH FOR A

BREAD

Fig. 2 MALAL VILLAGE CO-OP

n-Binw

n , ’33!r ■ P’333S mns

»"yn

b"bn 1933

10 by mine nn 1 ? xj

: ■» " X &

| 3ns

nVrunn

1521

Fig. 3 1 MIL MAUL VILUGE CO-OP

q. .....a

■ %

" i n 1 “ ;

I.pnun n’Dimu n*N3pn mu«:

jn-U3 *J-"3D 1333 ’H3UJN1 itpsOKl]

j "nznnnn* i

■ ■

• •

? zin - m ^ i ;

• i

• •

This one is for 1 liter of milk.

Fig. 2A MAUL VILLAGE CO-OP

1 1 1

p'O »

r:-

><*4 ..

REVERSE Fig. 3 VALIDATION

rrmn» n^w-iwanat mi:«

a* ya *?'*?» *1D31

■jo by mino n n ■? n

,w xa 250 warn D’mta

ntounn jtf 2 6 4

UTER ISSUE 250 MILS
Fig. 3A MAUL VILUGE CO-OP

REVERSE Fig. 3A

VALIDATION STAMP MAUL VILUGE CO-OP

Restaurant

Food token for 1 Mil. Issued in 1920

r-jn ’»cinc > rnaiy eem

1 00 i° nD * in

CJD

* nn« nvh o-y

CJt

: n^ronn

Fig. 4 MOSHAV MOLEDIT CO-OP
1 LIRA Good in Co-Op Store Only

K n- rr ^ ^ ^ rc ^ ^ ^

♦

'AN

nVN Vnj

X.*

>*■

\z ^

TT Ai

* * 'it*******

Fig. 6 PORT OF EILAT EMPLOYEES RESTAURANT
50 AGOROT

a~yn o^n-imp rr»nx mux

Fig. 8 QIRYAT HAYYIM CO OP 500 MILS

n’snnip d’:d-is mus
n"j?a o”n rmpa

□in nr*3 r/*

f ‘oarjc *

* : .

i 1

Fig. 5 JERUSALEM RESTAURANT CO-OP
Issued 1920 Good for 1 Mil

rmsirw ircns£ri3»*ra must

\y’V2 n»»n imp

-H

jencs mine 'torj

f/hfe wbfekk li

0 > muKn

-k D 250

: r - — - ", — '

Fig. 7 QIRYAT HAYYIM CO-OP 250 MILS

rpsinw nruK

n"yn D”n n ’ipa

its 1 :! 2

Fig. 9 QIRYAT HAYYIM CO-OP FOR 2 EGGS

Fig. 10 QIRYAT HAYYIM CO-OP
Good For IV 2 Liters Milk

Fig. 11 QIRYAT HAYYIM CO-OP
2 LI ROT Good Only in Co-Op Store

Eilat (Fig. 6). Together with ones pay
check they received a quantity of these
tokens good for food purchased in the
cooperative restaurant.

In 1933 a cooperative store was found-
ed in Qiryat-Hayyim. Each member was
paid P<£ 10 per month and received
P<£ 10 in tokens which he used at the
cooperative store. The cooperative to this
date will give credit to a member until
payday. This cooperative was located
near Haifa. The instructions on each
token warns that they could only be used
inside the coop stores. We have depicted
here two examples of the many varieties
of tokens issued in Mils (Fig. 7 & 8).

In addition to the tokens issued in Mils
there were tokens issued for specific num-
bers of eggs and milk in addition to other
products (Fig. 9) (Fig. 10).

The tokens depicted here were issued
around 1947 and were used not only in-
ternally but for barter in purchasing from
Arabs eggs, cheese, milk, chickens, etc.
Some very exotic negotiations took place
whereby vendor and buyer would agree
on whether one was to pay 10% or 30%

in tokens the balance in cash for many
other items such as clothing and other
personal necessities.

Qiryat-Hayyim in later days created
some very elaborate tokens such as are
depicted (Fig. 11). The overstamping de-
noted cancellation and the fact that the
token had been spent. At the bottom of
these later and larger tokens were the
restrictions such as they were only good
in the branch that issued them, and only
good for the person to whom the book-
let was issued. Furthermore, they could
not be removed from the booklet except
in the store in the presence of the per-
sonnel.

The study of the origin and progres-
sion to its present state of the cooperative
movement one would find extremely in-
teresting. The total number of cooper-
atives that issued tokens is unknown.
Again 1 would like to urge collectors to
get in to this phase of collecting because
of its extreme interest. Many new exam-
ples of this phase of currency are con-
stantly being discovered. The writer feels
that collecting for romance is indeed very
rewarding.

Israel Government Coins

Sales turnover of the IGCAMC during
the year 1978/79 is expected to reach IL
122 million (approx. $7 million at the
current rate of exchnage). Some 50% of
the above revenue is expected to be de-
rived from sales abroad.

The above figures are included in the
Corporation’s budget for the year 1978/

79 (April 1 - March 31), which was ap-
proved by the Board of Directors at its
meeting in Jerusalem May 26th under

and Medals Corporation

the chairmanship of Acting Chairman
David Bar-Haim. The budget was sub-
mitted by Acting Director General Ra-
phael Aldor.

At the same meeting the Board of Di-
rectors unanimously elected Mr. Eliezer
Shiloni as Joint Director General of the
Corporation. Mr. Shiloni, who is Israel’s
outgoing Income Tax Commissioner, an-
nounced he plans to take up his new
position around July 1st.

A.I.N.A. AT THE A.N.A. HOUSTON '78

A.I.N.A. will host a luncheon at the American Numismatic Assn. Conven-
tion in Houston, Texas on Saturday, August 26th at 12:30 p.m. There will be
an outstanding program, as well as a special medal struck for the occasion. The
luncheon will take place in the Astro Village, Tower 6 & 7 on the 2nd floor.
Tickets are $7.50 per person.

As limited space is available, reservations should be made as soon as
possible to Florence Schuman, 7230 Northeast Miami Court, Miami, Fla. 33138.

The Egyptian Paper Money
Used in Palestine

By SAMUEL LACHMAN, Haifa
(Continued from May-June,1978 Issue)

Five Pounds.

Obv. Feluccas (23) on the Nile, with pyramids in the background (24).

Colours: Purple and pink.

Rev. Guilloche and inscriptions. Colours: Violet on greenish background.

Size 167 x 88 mm. No wmk. 2 SerNos. Sign. F. Rowlatt. Prefix W over numeral.

Series

Date

1.IX.1913.®

Senes

Date

18.VI.I919.®

5®®

17.XI1.1914

40° °

7.XI.1919.

6®®

20.11.1915.

8.X1.1919.

14°° 22.XII.19I6.

It is possible that serial number varieties exist.

42° *

9.XI.1919.

Five Pounds.

Obv. In centre bank building. At top left the head of the pharaoh Mycerinus (25). At
top right the head of Nofret, consort of Prince Rahotep (26), from the tombs of
Medun.

Colours: Green and violet on rose background.

Rev. Palm tree and a building. This may be (he Nilometer on the island of Rawda. (27).
Colours: Blue and red.

Size 167 x 88 mm. No wmk. 3 SerNos. Prefix M over numeral.

Sign. B. Hornsby.

Scries Date

I.VIII.1924.®

So far no note of this type used in Palestine with full particulars has been reported.
The note shown is dated 1943.

One specimen note — without date, serial numbers or signature is in collection of
Edward Schuman.

NATIONAL BANK OFECYP

T£N liGXPTMN mm

Ten Pounds.

Obv. At right the tomb and madrasa of Sultan Qa’itbay. (28).

Colour: Dark brown.

Rev . Guilloche and inscriptions. Colour: Brown.

Size 188 x 100 mm. No wmk. Prefix X over numeral. Sign. F. Rowlatt.
a) 2 SerNos. b) 2 SerNos, comma. Type (b) numbers are slightly smaller.

Series Date

2. IX. 1913. 20° 0 a 6.1V.1918.

6°°

22.VII.1916.

12.XI.1919.’

12°*

2.1.1918.

12.1.1920.*

14°.

5.1.1918.

35* *

15.1.1920.

15*°

5.III.1918.

40° °

29.IV. 1920.

4i oo

30.1 V. 1920.

fc£hrj>rr 'S §017717

Zu nffir?" A ”'Sw*fe?^

•V?.

§017717

fZ UMH ^J^JAfjU/WY 1920.

Fifty Pounds.

Obv. Mameluk tombs outside Cairo, and a train of five camels in the foreground.
Rev. Guilloche and inscriptions. Main colour, both sides violet.

Size 202 x 112 mm. No wmk. 2 SerNos. Prefix letter over numeral.

Sign. F. Rowlatt.

Series Date

Prefix ?

3. IX. 1913.°
4. IX. 1913.®

Prefix ?
12. XI. 1918.

Series Date

Prefix N

1°° 12.XI.1919.

2°° 15.XI.1919.

3°° 21.1.1920.

Series N is dated 1942.
4

One Hundred Pounds.

Obv. At left the Citadel with the Muhammad Ali Mosque in Cairo (29), at right Bab
Zuwayla, and the minarets of the mosque of Sultan Al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh (31).
Rev. The island of Philae, and a felucca on the Nile in the foreground.

Colour: Both sides Red and Green.

Size 201 x 122 mm. No wmk. 3 SerNos. Prefix letter over numeral.

Sign. F. Rowlatt. Prefix ?

Series Date

3.IX.1913.®

5. IX. 1913. 0

Sign. B. Hornsby. Prefix K.

1 1.111.1921.°

2°° 1 .IX. 1921.

Series K is dated 1936. The note shown is dated 1942.

Conclusion.

It is pointed out that only notes marked by two asterisks were seen or reported. The
dates of notes marked by one asterisk were listed by various dealers or by Arnold Keller.
All other series shown in the lists are interpolated. It could be that one or the other of
these series were not issued at all. In view of the many years which have passed since
most of these notes were in circulation, it can not be expected that all dates and prefixes
can be found. On the other hand , it would be much appreciated if collectors who have
unlisted dates and/or prefixes or notes which are not marked by two asterisks, would
kindly report their holdings.

(1) Hussein Abd-ul Rahman. Al-Umlat al-misriyye (Egyptian Currency) Cairo 1945 (in Arabic).

(2) Sylvia Haffner. The History of Modern Israel Money 1917-1970. Tarzana, Calif. 1970.

(3) Arnold Keller. Das Papiergeld des Ersten Weltkrieges. Berlin-Wittenau 1957.

(4) George J. Sten. Banknotes of the World. Menlo Park, 1967.

(5) Albert Pick. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. 2nd Ed. lola, Wis. 1977.

(In this second edition already corrections were made).

(6) While Palestine currency board notes were legal tender until 9 June 1951 (Sylvia Haff-
ner, loc. cit. p. 209), it cannot be said if Egyptian notes were introduced at once at the
time of the occupation of the Gaza district.

(7) It was replaced by Israel currency after the Six Day War an operation which was com-
pleted by February 1968 (Israel Government Yearbook 5729 (1969), p. S22 (in Hebrew).

(8) Cyril Falls and A. F. Becke. History of the Great War. Military Operations Egypt & Pal-
estine from June 1917 to end of the War. Part I., p. 301. London 1930.

(9) (Palestine) Ocial Gazaette No. 196 of 1 October 1927.

(10) Arnold Keller, loc. cit.

(11) Hussein Abd-ul Rahman, loc. cit. pp. 108-112.

(12) The Palace Collection of Egypt. — Auction Catalogue. Sotheby & Co., London 1954.
Lot No. 2743.

(13) Hussein Abd-ul Rahman, loc. cit. p. 108, footnote.

(14) ibid., pp. 108, 110.

(15) The writer is most grateful to the following collectors who provided data for this
compilation: George Azuma, Scott E. Cordry, Samuel Halperin, Malcolm Katt, Edward
Schuman, James Silver.

(16) Ahmad Fuad Pasha. La Monnaie Egyptienne. Paris 1914., pp. 105 ff. The author is the
later king Fuad I.

(17) Hussein Abd-ul Rahman, loc. cit. p. 253.

(18) (Palestine) Official Gazette of October 16, 1928, p. 662.

(19) The Palace Collection, loc. cit.

(20) IBNS journal Vol. 15 No. 3 (1976), pp. 150-153.

(21) Meneptah (or Merenptah), a pharaoh of the XIX dynasty, ruled after Ramses II.

(22) Khanqah = An endowed foundation governed by a shaykh with provisions for the
maintenance of sufis (mystical or ascetic orders).

(23) Felucca = the name of small sailing boats on the Nile.

(24) The pyramids could not definitely be identified but are most likely the large pyramids
at Giza.

(25) Mycerinus, 4th dynasty c. 2500 B.C. — The life-size alabaster head was found near the
kings pyramid at Giza. National Museum, Cairo.

(26) Early 4th dynasty, c. 2575 B.C. limestone statue. National Museum, Cairo.

(27) The Nilometer at the southern tip of the island of Rawda, Cairo, built by command of
the 'Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil (861-862 C.E.) to measure the height of the annual
Nile flood.

(28) The description given elsewhere that this is the mosque of sultan Qala'un appears to
be incorrect. The minaret is clearly that of the tomb madrasa of sultan Qa'itbay in the
eastern cemetery of Cairo, built 1472-1474. Sultan Al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Qa'itbay
reigned 873-901 H/1468-1496. — A madrasa is a college of learning.

(29) The Citadel of Cairo was originally built by Al-Nasir Salah al-din Yusuf b.Ayyub
(Saladin). The Muhammad Ali mosque was built between 1824 and 1857 by the Greek
Yusuf Bokhny.

(30) When the Fatimids conquered Egypt in 969 C.E. under their general G'awhar the foun-
dations of Cairo were laid. The old city of Fustat was burned down. The new city,
sometimes called 'Al-Kahira al-Mu'izziya' (after the Fatimid caliph Al-Mu'iz), had several
gates. Bab Zuwayla was built 1087-91 C.E. When the Ottoman sultan Selim I captured
Cairo, he hanged the last Mameluk sultan Tumanbay at the Bab Zuwayla (14 April
1517). The gate was later used as the base of the two minarets of the mosque of
Al-Mu'ayyad.

(31) Al-Mu'ayyad Sayf al-din Abu Al-Nasr Shaykh ascended the throne on 1 Sha'ban 815/6
November 1412 and died on 9 Muharram 824/14 January 1421. The mosque was built
by Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad on the site of the prison where he once was locked up by sultan
Al-Nasir Faraj.

Post-Reform Arab Coinage
In Eretz Yisroal

by EDWARD JANIS

We have previously covered the Arab
Byzantine coinage which was identified
as those pieces which were direct imita-
tions of the Byzantine prototypes that
circulated in the Palestinian area prior to
the Umaiyad invasion.

The transition of the coinage continued
to the period of the Post-Reform era,
which was circa A.D. 700, during the
caliphate of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.

At the outset there is a complete elim-
ination of all human figures. During the
further transition the epigraphy follows
the ancient local coins, most of which
were copies of the Jewish coins.

In these earliest of Umaiyad coppers,
these pieces contain no mint or date, but
were with religious formulae. In addition,
some of these coins even had symbols.
Most of the religious legends had refer-
ences that Mohammed was Allah’s
apostle and that there was no god except
Allah. Other forms were simply “to Al-
lah ", “For the alms of Allah" and “ pay-
ment in the way of Allah."

Examples of these earlier pieces con-
taining symbols that were copies from
Jewish coins are listed in acordance with
Walker 1 numbers.

W. 593-594: Copy of palm tree with
seven branches and fruit. This design first
appeared on the Leptons under the Roman
Procurators.

W. 595: The symbol here is the pome-
granate, taken from the Shekel on the
First Revolt.

W. 596: a chalice on the reverse of the
Shekel of the First Revolt. Numerous
pieces have the crossed double cornucopia
as shown on the Herodian coins.

W. 599: is a five-pointed star whose
prototype can be seen in the marble work
of the ruins at Capernaum.

W. 605: shows a five-branched candle-
stick mounted on a stand showing three
feet. This is similar to the Menorah
shown on the coins of Antigonus, Mat-

1) Walker, John— Arab Byzantine and Post-Reform

tathias. The P (Paris 114 shows a cover-
ed amphora which is similar to the Rei-
fenberg 148 small bronze of the First
Revolt.

The W. 606 shows a plant branch sim-
ilar to those shown on some of the pro-
curator coins. A similar symbol of palm
branches appears on W691 and W692.

There is no Jewish background for
W. 675 and W. 686 which have a symbol
of a fish thereon.

The next type now shows the mint
name and this appears with or without
a date.

As the transition progresses, all sym-
bols gradually disappear and lettering
which includes the religious formulae, the
mint name and possibly a date appears
on the coinage. Under our specific cities,
we find the following cities still featuring
a symbol of some sort:

al Urdunn — a star

al Ramla — palm tree plus palm branch

Tabriya, Askalon, Ghazza and Filistin
cointain palm branches.

In the late period, for cities like Iliya
(Jerusalem), Bait Jabrin, Saffuriya and
Baisan, the typical coins have all Arabic
legends on both sides that are usually
enclosed by a double circle on one side
and a triple circle on the other.

Although tremendous amounts of these
coins must have been struck, not too
many of them have appeared on the
United States market. The problem here
remains the inadequacy of proper numis-
matic bibliography, coupled with the
average collector’s lack of knowledge in
deciphering the Kufic writing. The most
common coins of the Post-Reform coin-
age are those pieces of al Ramla.

This is a most interesting series, and
the collector of coinage of the Holy Land
seeking to bridge the gap in his collection
between the Bar Kochba coinage and
the Crusader pieces, would do well to
examine a few of these pieces.

Coins in the British Museum Vol. II.

Unpublished coins of Askalon in possession

Coin of al Ramla. This small bronze features a palm branch on one side and
a crescent on the other.

Coin of Tabariyya. This is British Museum #P137. The center design in this piece
to whether it is an amphora or a copy of a chalice.

Coin of Ludd last Post-Reform. Note complete absence of any symbols.

Coin of Tabariyya. Note all Kufic Legends and complete absence of any symbols.

AMERICAN-ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION, INC.
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AT JUNE 30, 1977

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash in banks — checking
— savings

Merchandise inventory at cost
Accounts receivable

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

FIXED AND OTHER ASSETS
Furniture and equipment
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Security deposit — rent
Educational displays
' TOTAL FIXED AND OTHER ASSETS
Total Assets

$ 4,491

146,533
61,582
1,043

$213,649

$15,574

2,256 13,318

1,422
5,325

20,065

$233,714

LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
Taxes payable
1978 Israel Tour advances
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

$ 7,502

798
5,125

$ 13,425

NET WORTH

Net worth — July 1, 1976
Less: Net loss for year ended June 30, 1977
TOTAL NET WORTH

Total Liabilities and Net Worth

222,788

(2,499)

220,289

$233,714

JUNE 30th 1978 STATEMENT WILL BE PUBLISHED
AS SOON AS IT IS AVAILABLE

HERBERT M. KNOPP
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT

The 6th

Greater New York
Coin Convention

By EDWARD SCHUMAN

The 6th Greater New York Coin Con-
vention was the scene for the start of
the 1 2th year of the American-Israel
Numismatic Association. Morris Bram,
founding President of AINA, has moved
to a newly created position as Chairman
of the Board. Arnold H. Kagan is the
incoming President of the largest Judaic-
oriented numismatic organization in the
world.

Margo Russell, editor of COIN
WORLD was the installing officer as the
new officers of AINA took their posts
at installation ceremonies held during the
convention banquet.

Edward Schuman continues as exec-
utive vice president and editor of the
AINA publication. The Shekel.

Sidney L. Olson is the new Treasurer,
and Stanley Yulish assumes the position
of Secretary of the organization.

The four newly elected members on
the AINA board are Sylvia Haffner, Fred
Roganson, Milton Fishgold and Peter
Moss. Other board members, together
with the officers, are Ben M. Abelson,
Harry Flower, Edward Jan is, Robert
Messing, Nathan Sobel, Moe Weinschel
and Irving Rudin. The total board mem-
berhip is now sixteen.

A new system of regional Vice Pres-
idents was announced. Edward Janis will
cover New York. Peter Moss, the eastern
region, Harry Flower, the midwest. Mil-
ton Fishgold, the west coast. Irving Ru-
din, New England and Ed Schuman the
southeast.

Changes in the composition of the
board and financial and membership re-
ports were some of the topics presented
at the members' annual meeting on Sun-
day, May 7 in the Manhattan Skyline
room of the Sheraton hotel.

Newly elected President Kagan an-
nounced several new committees, in-
cluding an attribution and research group
under board member Silvia Haffner.
A computerization committee under Rob-
ert Messing; election committee headed
by Peter Moss.

A specialized committee under Harry
Flower will attempt to create a definitive
catalog of the medals and overstruck
“Seasons Greetings" medalets issued by
Israel specialty groups in the U.S. and
Canada.

The annual membership meeting ended
with a talk by Ya'akov Meshorer of the
Israel Museum, Jerusalem, well known
as an outstanding expert in the field of
ancient coins of the Holy Land.

His slide-illustrated talk traced back
to the ancient coins the designs of Is-
rael’s coinage since 1950. Bronze and
silver coins of the Hasmonean dynasty
and of the two Jewish Revolts provided
the starkly simple designs which have
made Israel’s trade coins some of the
most attractive in this century.

The commercial aspect of the conven-
tion was amply covered by a bourse
dealer attendance of over 100 dealers
from all parts of the country as well as
several foreign dealers. Bourse Chairman
Jack Garfield erected a large display
board at the entrance to the bourse area
in which each dealer’s name was listed,
and the number of their assigned bourse
space. This is the first time this was done
at a Greater New York Coin Convention
and sure made it easier to find the deal-
er’s location if you were searching for
a particular one.

Public auction sales of Judaic material
was handled by NASCA on Thursday
afternoon. Auction sales of Ancients,

United States and Foreign coins were
conducted by Stack’s with three evening
sessions, and a Saturday afternoon sale.
All dealers reported brisk activity, and
many said it was the best show they had
attended thus far this year.

Exhihits Chairman, Nathan Sobel was
in charge of a wide variety of top quality
exhibits, with awards in seven competitive
categories as well as the Best in Show.

Julius Turoff received first place in the
U.S. category for his display of the coins,
patterns and medals of Christian Gob-
recht. A rare Pennsylvania Railroad em-
ployee’s service award and its fascinating
history gained George Cuhaj the second
place award.

The prestigious Arnold Kagan “Best
in Israel” trophy was bestowed on Cleve-
land, Ohio, collector and researcher Stan-
ley Yulish for his “Signatures in Coins
and Medals.” Isidore “Izzy” Baum taking
second with “Coins on Stamps.”

The Holyland numismatic category saw
Morty Zerder sweep the field with an
extensive date collection of Palestine
Mandate coinage.

Ed Baruch took first place in the Jud-
aic category with “Medals of the Brook-
lyn and New York Israel Numismatic
Societies,” which brought together 50
medals issued by a variety of Mints by
these two active INS groups: “My Most
Magnificent Medals” gave Ronnie Op-
penheim the second award.

The “War against the Jews” exhibit,
which traced the Holocaust of the Sec-
ond World War period in numismatics,
brought the INS of Long Island first
place in the club exhibit category, fol-
lowed by the INS of Northern New Jer-
sey with “Music on Medals,” an exten-
sive collection of musically-connected is-
sues both private and official.

Young Numismatist Jeff Nadaner took
first place in the YN field with his num-
ismatic “Trihute to Israel.” Second place
was achieved hy Leonard Hecht with his
display of U.S. Bicentennial numismatics.

Under the heading of miscellaneous
Emil Voigt with his tribute to medalist
and sculptor Paul Vincze; “Transporta-

tion Tokens” brought Alan Weinberg
second place honors.

“Ancient Judaic Coinage,” a complex
exhibit employing custom-made coin
mounts with mirrors to highlight both
sides of the coin displayed, brought Chi-
cago, 111., collector Dr. Saul Needleman
the Best in Show award, presented at the
annual AINA hanquet.

Judges were Chairman Sobel, Chief
Judge John J. Pittman, judges Donna
Sims, Sylvia Haffner, Paul Whitnah, Faye
Stern, Mel Wacks and Harry Flower.

A capacity crowd of more than 100
enthusiastic collectors filled the Shera-
ton hotel’s Manhattan Skyline suite on
Saturday, May 6, to attend the educa-
tional forum.

Moderator Ed Janis provided a truly
international selection of topics.

AINA Vice President Edward Schu-
man of Miami, Fla., introduced his au-
dience to the paper money issued by the
government of Egypt and the issues of
the National Bank of Egypt. These notes
were current money in the Occupied
Enemy Territories, South and the later
Palestine Mandate.

Color slides illustrated such rarities as
the “Specimen” set of Palestine Cur-
rency Board notes, the rare regular issue
100-pound note, one of seven believed in
existence, and the early emergency checks
prepared at independence eve by the
Anglo-Palestine Bank.

Coin World special correspondent, at-
torney and numismatic commentator
David L. Ganz then took the podium to
share with the audience an insider’s view
of exciting new developments in the coin-
age of the U.S., including the develop-
ment of the proposed mini-dollar from
Frank Gasparro’s plasticine models
through the first trial planchets.

Final speaker was David T. Alexander,
international editor of Coin World , who
shared his researches into the back-
ground, creation and use of the Kofer
Hayishuv tokens issued in embattled
Palestine in 1938. This small, thin brass
token was the first medium of exchange
issued for use of the whole Jewish com-

munity by a Jewish authority, and was
a voluntary tax on a wide range of mer-
chandise and services.

Moderator Ed Janis made special note
of the Young Numismatists in the forum.
A large and interested group brought in
by YN chairperson and American Nu-
mismatic Association Governor Florence
Schook. The awarding of plaques to the
three speakers brought the forum to
a close. For variety, color and audience,
according to Ed Janis, the 1978 GNYCC
forum ranked among the most success-
ful in the convention’s six-year history.

A second Young Numismatists pro-
gram was put together Sunday morning
by Faye Stem and Florence Schook. This
marks the first time that two separate
YN programs were conducted at a single
convention.

After an hour long cocktail-hors
d’oeuvres reception, 200 people as-
sembled in the Corinthian Ballroom for
the annual banquet.

Sidney L. Olson was master of cere-
monies for the dinner. He was joined in
conducting the post-banquet ceremonies
hy Morris Brain, honorary convention
chairman; Fred Roganson was general
chairman of the 1978 convention.

Guest speaker was the Hon. Stella B.
Hackel, Director of the Mint, with two
former Mint Directors, Miss Eva B.
Adams and Mrs. Mary Brooks, among
the honored guests.

Also honored were Paul Vincze, world-
famous medalist from Europe; Yvon
Gariepy, Master of the Royal Canadian
Mint, and John Jay Pittman, past pres-
ident, American Numismatic Association.

Raphael Aldor, Acting Director of
IGEM remarked that this year is the
20th anniversary of the IGCM and their
first commemorative issue. He also said
that “The success of the Greater New
York Coin Conventions, sponsored by the
American-Israel Numismatic Association
is the best proof of AINA’s strength and
solidarity, and in particular, of Morris
Bram’s organizational capabilities and
tireless dedication, not only to Israel nu-
mismatics, but to the hobby in general.”

The defacing of the 10th anniversary
AINA medal dies was one of the high-
lights of the affair. One by one each of
the various size dies were defaced by
grinding out a portion of the design.
Thus a guarantee that no future strikings
would be possible.

Special houquets must go to those
many people who devoted their time and
effort into making this convention the
success it was. Space does not permit list-
ing each name. The registration was ably
bandied hy Faye Stern and Dorothy Vic-
torson, along with their committee, the
reception and banquet by Walter and
Rocco Stefanacci, Bourse by Jack Gar-
field, Exhibits hy Nathan Sobel and as-
sistants. Security by Roy Rauch, and his
wife Irene who handled the keys. The
AINA tour reunion was hosted by Ed
Baruch whose fascinating slides will be
long remembered hy those who viewed
them. The signs and there were many
of them, all professional by Julius TurotT,
and Alan Weinberg, a man with many
tasks, all done to perfection. The Gen-
eral Chairman, Fred Roganson put it all
together with the help of Morris Bram,
and the photography is courtesy of Irwin
StofF and Margo Russell.

TWO EDITORS DISCUSSING THE SHEKEL

EDWARD SCHUMAN - MARGO RUSSELL

JACK GARFIELD
Bourse Chairman

DEFACING THE OBSOLETE AINA MEDAL DIES

W. LAWRENCE, DAVID T. ALEXANDER, MORRIS BRAM, RAPHAEL ALDOR

MEL WACKS, DAVID HENDIN, YA'AKOV MESHORER

JULIUS TUROFF - Firs! Place U.S. Category

MR. AND MRS. NAHUM HACOHEN - ICCM New York Office
Flanked by Californians MEL WACKS and DONNA SIMS

THE BEST IN ISRAEL TROPHY

M. WEINSCHEL and NAT SOBEl presenting the Award to STANLEY YULISH ot Cleveland

THE BEST IN SHOW AWARD

NAT SOBEL presenting the Award to Defacing the dies

DR. SAUL NEEDLEMAN from Chicago

I.N.S. OF LONG ISLAND 1st PLACE CLUB AWARD

MOE WEINSCHEL

DR. E. RUBIN
President, INS of U.

NATHAN SOBEL

ED. JANIS with one of the Big Red Apples ARNOLD H. KAGAN MORRIS BRAM

Incoming President Chairman of the Board

THE EDUCATIONAL FORUM PANEL

MORRIS' Liquid Reward

SILVIA HAFFNER

autographing the new Judaic Token Book

In this issue a variety of interesting
subjects will be covered. It will range
from two ancient topics to the field of
paper money.

A Collector's Guide To Paper Money by

Yasha Beresiner (New York: Stein and Day,
1977) Hard Cover. 2S5 p.

This is the book to get for anyone in-
terested in paper money collecting. It will
serve all “notapbilists,” both the begin-
ners and those more advanced.

Both the history of paper money as
well as practical aspects of collecting are
discussed. The book is well illustrated,
with some exceptional pictures in color.
The largest section of the book comprises
an A-Z list of individual countries with
comments on each.

The section on Israel is concise but in-
teresting. It describes the notes circulating
in Palestine from Ottoman times. Also,
the Israeli currency from the early “car-
pet” notes to the present are mentioned.
The bibliography at the end of the sec-
tion is exceptionally helpful and com-
plete. Of further interest are the discus-
sions of Concentration Camp Notes (p.
194); Kibbuts tokens (p. 206); and the
proposed Israeli Occupation Notes of
1967 (p. 203).

Finally the book closes with a useful
glossary and appendices. It is highly
recommended.

Nabataean Coins (QEDEM 3) by Ya'acov
Meshorer (Jerusalem: The Hebrew Univer-
sity Of Jerusalem, 1975) Hard Cover. 112 p.
•f 8 pl*

Here is another book by the well known
Dr. Meshorer, familiar to all collectors
of Jewish coins. It is one of the series
of Monographs of the Institute of Ar-
chaeology of the Hebrew University.

Little has previously been published

regarding Nabataean coinage. This Sem-
itic people had a kingdom — located in
what is present day Jordan — which was
subsequently annexed to the Roman Em-
pire in 106 C.E. and became the Roman
Provincia Arabia.

Their first coins date from the first
century B.C.E. under Aretas II who was
a neighbor and contemporary of Alex-
ander Jannaeus, against whom he warred.
Their language and the inscriptions on
the coins were in Aramaic — the language
of the Talmud.

The histiography of Nabataean Nu-
mismatics is extensively covered, with an
illustrated catalogue of the coins con-
cluding the book.

The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
From Abraham To The Crusades by Mel

Wacks (Houston: Israel Numismatic Ser-
vice, 1976) Soft Cover. 38 p.

This is a clear and well prepared guide
to ancient Jewish coins and artifacts.
It begins with a discussion of ancient
weights that go back to Biblical times.

The book then covers the first Judaean
coins, the “Yehud” strikings. All the later
ancient Jewish coin types of the different
periods are covered, with interesting his-
torical discussions throughout. The an-
cient Hebrew is transcribed into modem
lettering, and values are assigned to the
different items.

Certain interesting items relating to
Jewish numismatics are included and de-
scribed such as certain Roman Denarii;
Arab coins minted in the Holy Land;
Crusader coinage; and finally coins of
the Kings of Cicily who referred to them-
selves as “King of Jerusalem”, the last
echo of the Crusader rulers.

The book is a fine overview of the sub-
ject of Ancient Jewish Numismatics and
is highly recommended.

A Numismatist Reprint

The

First NMiovuaI
Jovisti-AmcricAH
McJ>a1

Three Hvmt>ret>
YcArs:

The

Secovtb N Ati on a 1
JewisVi-AmoricAn
Mc£>aI

by Dr. Uriel Paul Federbush
AINA 141
ANA 84150

Only last year did our great country begin its third century of freedom and
independence and the joyous celebrations of our Nation's Bicentennial in 1976
commemorated this landmark in history. Twenty-four years ago, in 1954, the
American Jewish community celebrated a Tercentenary, the anniversary of three
hundred years of freedom and independence for the Jews who first settled here in
1654, This observance was also directed to everyone who cherished freedom and
democracy, and its theme was MAN'S OPPORTUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
UNDER FREEDOM.

During the celebration three centuries of Jewish participation in American life
would be reviewed and the universal theme would have meaning for all Americans.
This event would also lead to the issue of the second true National Jewish-American
medal.

Historical Background

Jews began settling in the New World
shortly after its discovery. The Inquisi-
tion in Spain and Portugal spurred the
Jewish exodus, and significant colonies
were established in South America. In
1654 when the Dutch colony of Brazil
came under Portuguese control, many
Jews again had to seek new places of
refuge. In that same year a group of
twenty-three of these refugees arrived
in Nieuw Amsterdam on the French
naval ship St. Charles. Their arrival was
somewhat inauspicious, as having been
robbed during their journey, they could
only pay part of their passage money.
The Dutch magistrates allowed the
French captain to hold two of the
passengers hostage against the possibly
insufficient proceeds to be derived from
an auction of the Jews' possessions.

They also met a hostile reception from
the governor, Peter Stuyvestant, who
repeatedly tried to expel the new-
comers. He wrote to the directors of the
Dutch West India Company on
September 22, 1654, that he had asked
the Jews “in a friendly way to depart,"
but that they refused to go. He therefore
petitioned that they "be not allowed to
infest and trouble this new colony."
Despite the need for settlers, he was
prejudiced against all newcomers ex-
cept members of the Dutch and
Presbyterian churches. Lutherans had
difficulty with him, and Catholics and
Quakers were not allowed in the colony.
Only one Jew, Jacob Barsimson, ap-
parently a representative of European
fur traders and thus not a permanent
settler lived in Nieuw Amsterdam at the
time. 1 However, beginning about

1593, when The Netherlands succeeded
in gaining independence from Spain,
various localities began welcoming Jews
as settlers. 2 They became prominent in
commerce, and when the Dutch West
India Company was founded in 1620,
some Jews became influential
stockholders, and subsequently direc-
tors. It was no doubt this influence, plus
the fact that these settlers had fought for
Holland in South America, which led the
Company to reprimand Stuyvesant and
to issue the Grant of Official Leave of
Settlement dated April 26, 1655, as
follows:

We would have liked to agree to
your wishes and request . . . but after
having further weighed and con-
sidered the matter, we observe that
it would be unreasonable and un-
fair, especially because of the con-
siderable loss sustained by the Jews
in the taking of Brazil, and also
because of the large amount of
capital which they have invested in
shares of this company. After many
consultations we have decided and
resolved upon a certain petition
made by said Portuguese Jews, that
they shall have permission to sail to
and trade in New Netherland and to
live and remain there . . . You will
govern yourself accordingly.

The 300th Anniversary of this event
was indeed worthy of commemoration.
The idea was first talked about by Dr.
David de Sola Pool, rabbi of The
Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in
New York and vice president of The
American Jewish Historical Society. 3
This synagogue, also called Shearith

Rev . Dr. David de Sola Pool, Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in New York and
originator of the idea for a commemorative medal to be struck for the Jewish Tercentenary, is
portrayed here in meda/licart.On the reverse the Congregation Shearith/srael in the City of New
York, first synagogue established by Jewish settlers in 1654, is represented in symbology and
legend.

Israel (Hebrew for “remnants of Israel”)
was founded about 1654 by the settlers.
Interestingly, the previous celebration
in 1905 of two hundred and fifty years of
Jewish settlement was initiated by the
same two groups. 4

In 1952 the American-Jewish
Tercentenary Committee was set up
under the chairmanship of Ralph E.
Samuel, former president of the Federa-
tion of Jewish Philanthropies, and vice
president and chairman of the board of
the American Jewish Committee. He
was nationally known as a leader of
charitable and civic causes. Judge
Samuel Rosenman, who had been a
close advisor to President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, headed a program com-
mittee which drew up a report on the
scope and theme of the observance.
Gen. David Sarnoff, head of the Radio
Corporation of America (RCA),
suggested the theme which was to be
the motto of the celebration, and which
would also appear on the medal which
would be issued. 5

A committee of three hundred promi-
nent Jewish leaders was set up including
designees from fifty national Jewish
organizations, encompassing the entire
spectrum of the Jewish community.
Committees were also formed
throughout the country. Television
programs, concerts, lectures, pageants.

and exhibitions were utilized to
dramatize the contributions to
American society of a group that had
developed — under freedom — from
twenty-three settlers seeking refuge to
more than five million citizens.

A monthly newsletter, titled 300 was
started by the Tercentenary Committee
and commenced publication in March
1953. In addition a symbol was adopted
for the observance, designed by William
Metzig of New York. The logo depicts a
seven branched Menorah in a “stars and
stripes motif illustrating the freedom
Jews have found within the democratic
framework of the United States.” It was
further stated that the symbol was a
“blending of twin aspects of the obser-
vance. It combines both a Jewish and an
American flavor, since the Menorah is a
traditional symbol of Judaism, and the
Stars and Stripes are equally traditional
symbols of the United States.”

The celebration was launched at a
dinner attended by one thousand, eight
hundred leaders at the Hotel Astor in
New York on October 20, 1954. Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower had been
invited to address the occasion at a
meeting held in the White House with
American Jewish leaders, among whom
were some descendants of the original
twenty three settlers.

At the dinner, the President paid

THC WHITK HOUSC

WAfH.NOtON

April B, 1953

Dear Mr. Saauel:

I as happy to greet the members and friend* of the American
Jevlah Tercentenary Ccmlttee ae you aaeeable to formulate
plana for the observance next year of the three hundredth
anniversary of Jevlsh settlement In the United States.

You vill be narking an anniversary of signal Importance
not only to American citizens of the Jevlih faith but In
truth to all Americans, Jews and Christiana alike. The Jews
of America, generation upon generation, have brought to the
task of building this great Nation In freedaa, a special
gift. It la that deep and abiding faith of their fathers,
that vital element of Judaeo-Chrlatlan civilization kept
glowingly alive by Jews throughout the ages, from the time
of the ancient prophets of Israel. Upon the moral truths
of this whole ancient heritage, our Nation was founded and
has ever lived.

As you gather to plan the observance of this solemn anniversary,
the hearts of your fellow-citizens Join with ycu in a spirit of
renewed dedication to the faith to which we all owe our freed-*.

Sincerely,

Mr. Ralph E. Samuel
Chairman

American Jevlah Tercentenary Comilttee

tribute to the “small band of people who
established the first Jewish settlement
three hundred years ago.” The speech
was carried live by radio and television
to the entire nation. He called the event
“meaningful to all Americans — of all
faiths, of all national origins. On that day
there came to these shores twenty-three
people whose distant ancestors had,
through the Bible, given new dimen-
sions of . meaning to the concept of
freedom and justice, mercy and
righteousness,kindness and understand-
ing — ideas and ideals which were to
flower on this continent .” 8
The President had during the previous
year greeted the founding of the Com-
mittee by stating that “you will be
marking an anniversary of signal impor-
tance not only to American citizens of

the Jewish faith, but in truth to all
Americans, Jews and Christians alike.
The Jews of America, generation upon
generation, have brought to the task of
building this great nation in freedom, a
special gift. It is that deep and abiding
faith of their fathers . . . upon the moral
truths of this whole ancient heritage, our
Nation was founded and has ever
lived .” 9

There were many plans for some
permanent memorial to this event.
Many ideas were broached. A multi-
volume History of American Jewry was
to be published. A permanent
memorial, the “House of Human
Freedom," was discussed for
Washington, D.C. Sixty- one con-
gressmen requested the Post Office
Department to issue a commemorative

Dwight D. Eisenhower receives representatives of the American Jewish Tercentenary Committee
who presented a silver medal to him on March 5, 1954. The following renowned Jewish figures
were present : Dr. Samuel Belkin , David Bernstein , Jacob Blaustein, Mrs. Irving Engel, Col. Julius
Goldstein, Albert M. Greenfield. Adolph Held, Horace M. Kallen, Rabbi Simon C. Kramer, Hon.
Herbert H. Lehman, Edgar ). Nathan, Jr., Edgar J. Nathan III, Rev. Dr. D. de Sola Pool, Ralph E.
Samuel, Mrs. Ralph E. Samuel, Hon. Simon E. Sobeloff, Bernard H. Trager, Joseph Willen, Charles
S. Zimmerman, and Harold Riegelman.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses the Tercentenary dinner of the American Jewish
people at the Astor Hotel in New York City on October 20, 1954.

postage stamp for the occasion.
However, due to financial exigencies,
and the short duration of the celebra-
tion, a medal was one of the few com-
memorative manifestations that remain
from the observances.

There is a direct connection between
this celebration and the previous two
hundred fiftieth year commemoration.
The announcement of the committee
which had organized it was sent as a
model to the new committee of three
hundred. Furthermore, as indicated, the
same organization responsible for the
observance in 1905 were the prime
movers of the more recent one as well.
Both had to eschew the construction of
permanent memorials. Also, both
celebrations led to the issuance of com-
memorative medals. 10

The Medal

As early as April 1950 Dr. de Sola Pool
proposed the issue of a
"commemorative tercentenary
medallion/' 11 In October 1955 a report
to the Tercentenary Committee propos-
ed the plan "to issue a special medal, to
be awarded to distinguished citizens
during the observance. Similar medals,
issued in larger quantities . . . will be
made available to organizations wishing
to make use of them." 12 Further a report
on Tercentenary Projects titled
Commemorative Medallions proposes
"that the American Jewish Tercentenary
Committee strike off special medallions
as a gift of the National Committee to
local leaders at the conclusion of the
Tercentenary observance." 13

Perhaps the most successful project
undertaken for the Tercentenary was an
art exhibition featuring the works of
famous American Jewish artists. This ex-
hibit was shown throughout the nation
at outstanding art museums such as the
Albright Art Gallery, Dallas Museum of
Fine Arts, Philadelphia Art Alliance, Cor-
coran Gallery of Art, and others. The
exhibit was most ably organized by
Nancy Dryfoos, an artist of note. As an
outgrowth of this success, she was in-
vited to sculpt the Tercentenary
Medal. 14

The medal is 76 mm. in diameter,
struck in bronze, with some being gild-
ed. The subject of the composition on
the obverse portrays a standing man,
woman, and child, representing a
pioneer family, superimposed upon a
high relief map of the United States. To
the left of the man's foot are found the
initials of the medallist: ND. Above his
head are the Hebrew letters indicating
the years 5414-5714 of the Jewish calen-
dar, corresponding to 1654-1954. The
legend surrounding inscribes the theme
of the observance:MAN'S OPPOR-
TUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES UN-
DER FREEDOM.

The reverse depicts the logo or sym-
bol of the Tercentenary as described
above. The legend reads: AMERICAN
JEWISH TERCENTENARY 1654-1954. The
medal was struck in very high relief by
Medallic Art Company, which is in-
dicated on the medal's edge.

The total mintage was 1000. Medals
were issued for sale to participating
groups and awarded to dignitaries such
as state governors. However, a plan to
strike gold medals — as had been done
in 1905 — for presentation to ex-
President Truman and President
Eisenhower did not materialize. Possibly
because of delays in issuing the
Tercentenary Medal, a silver medal
issued in 1905 — one of thirty-six minted
commemorating the two hundred fif-
tieth anniversary of Jewish settlement —
was presented to President Eisenhower
at the White House! It was kept on
display on the trophy shelf in the
President's office, and is presently in the
Eisenhower Museum in Abilene, Kan-
sas. 1 *

The Medallist

Nancy Dryfoos, the medallist, is a
renowned sculptress. She was born in
New Rochelle and works in New York
City. She was educated at Sarah
Lawrence College, Columbia University,
and The Art Students League, and
studied with the famous sculptor Jose
deCreeft. Her works have been ex-
hibited widely in museums such as the
Corcoran Gallery, Pennsylvania
Academy of Fine Arts, Brooklyn

Museum, National Academy of Design,
and are in many collections, both public
and private.

She is the recipient of many awards,
including the Gold Medal of Honor of
the Allied Artists of America. A critic in
the New York Times described her as

having “a thoroughly professional at-
titude infused with genuine emotional
values . . . admirably conceived/'

Her medallic output in addition to the
Tercentenary Medal includes medals for
the Naomi Lehman Memorial Founda-
tion, and the Joseph Proskauer Award. 16

On May 20,1955, a plaque and flagpole were dedicated at The Battery in New York,
the site of the original landing. Justice Nathan of the New York Supreme Court, a
descendant of the first Jewish settlers, unveiled the plaque.

A public assembly in Carnegie Hall on June 1, 1955, was the finale of the celebration.
Governor Stevenson spoke, and said “the Jews of the United States stand at the
threshold of their fourth century as citizens, as partners with all other Americans in
their great common adventure of freedom for nations, and for the body, the mind,
and the spirit of man. . .” 17 It is an adventure we should all continue to be active in.

Footnotes

’Heinrich Graetz, History of the lews , Vol IV (Philadelphia: the |ewish Publication Society of America, 1949).
p. 350 ff.

2 Soloman Garyzel, A History of the lews (Philadelphia: The lewish Publication Society of America, 1949), p.2

ff.

1 American fewish Yearbook (New York: The American Jewish Committee. 1956 and Philadelphia: The
Jewish Publication Society of America. 1956), p. 102.

«Uriel Paul Federbush, “The First National Jewish-American Medal, ’The Numismatist, 89, (May 1976) p. 965.

5 Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society, Papers of the American Jewish Tercentenary
Committee. 1953.

‘“Jewish Tercentenary Symbol, “New York Herald Tribune, March IB. 1953.

7 “President Welcomes Tercentenary Leaders," 300, No. N 14 (April 1954), p. 1.

■“President Pays Tribute To Jews, Cites Worth Of Individual Here,“300, No 21 (November 1954), p. 1.

9 Dwighi O. Eisenhower, Letter to Ralph E. Samuel, Chairman, American Jewish Tercentenary Committee,
April 8. 1953.

10 Federbush, op. cit.

"Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society. Papers of the American Jewish Tercentenary
Committee, 1953.

}2 lbid., Report of Group of Special Tercentenary Projects, October 21, 1953.

n lbid.. Executive Director's Report, October 21, 1953.

"Talk with artist Nancy Dryfoos.

"“President Welcomes Tercentenary Leaders," op. cit.

**Nancy Dryfoos, pamphlet describing heF work.

"Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society. Papers of the American Jewish Tercentenary
Committee, 1954.

Nancy Dryfoos

A modern sculpture by Nancy Dryfoos.

The Coin That Predicted
Sadat’s Mission (o Jerusalem

By D. BERNARD HOENIG

The magical mist of Anwar el-Sadat’s
visit to Jerusalem last November, 1977
has all but evaporated, leaving only wisps
of hope for the elusive peace that Israelis
and Egyptians now seem to desire. And
yet, despite the harsh realities of the past
several months, there are still many op-
timists that remain firm in their belief
that those three historic days will, before
long, result in tranquility for the troubled
Middle East.

Among those die-hards is an unusual
alliance of men and women who are con-
vinced that the Begin-Sadat summit was
divinely ordained and that they, them-
selves, were foretold of the journey
months before anyone even dreamed it
was possible. Neither prophets or polit-
ical soothsayers, they are, of all things,
numismatists — collectors of Israel’s
beautiful commemorative coins — who
insist that a small, 34 millimeter coin is-
sued in April, 1977, actually predicted
such a mission during Israel's 30th year
of existence.

The coin, composed of .500 silver, has
a nominal value of 25 Israeli pounds
which is equivalent to approximately
$1.50. It was designed by the renowned
artist Asaf Berg on the occasion of Is-
rael’s 29th Anniversary and was dedi-
cated to " Brotherhood in Jerusalem ”

When it was first issued, experienced
collectors of Israel’s commemorative
coinage were somewhat puzzled, for the
1977 piece seemed to duplicate another
anniversary coin minted in 1968 to cel-
ebrate the reunification of the City of

Jerusalem after the Six Day War. Both
coins shared similar designs, portraying
almost identical landmarks of the cities
surrounded by the old Crusader wall.

Delighted, as any collector would be
with the possibility of having discovered
an error or an oddity, the numismatists
turned to their magnifying lenses and
catalogs to compare the two coins. The
1968 commemorative was dedicated sole-
ly to the rejoining of the new and old
cities of Jerusalem after the ancient
quarters had been captured by Jordanian
troops during Israel’s War for Independ-
ence. The 29th Anniversary coin, how-
ever, was designed to demonstrate frater-
nity between Jew and Arab in that united
city. Its obverse side depicts the walled
city being carried aloft on the wings of
a dove which does not appear on the
earlier coin. Beneath the dove, in both
Hebrew and English, is inscribed the
words, “ Brotherhood in Jerusalem , Cap-
ital of Israel”

A closer look at the language on the
rim reveals a most peculiar fact: neither
the Hebrew or English inscription accu-
rately translates the other. The Hebrew
phrase, “Achvat Amim B’Yerushalayim”,
actually provides a more extensive di-
mension to the theme of the coin for it
literally means brotherhood of nations
and not just the parochial fraternity be-
tween the residents of the city. Thus
when viewed together the dove — a rec-
ognized international symbol of peace —
and the inscription suggest some act of
peace between nations in Jerusalem whose

very name is derived from the Hebrew
"lr Shalom" which means City of Peace.

Unwittingly lending support to the
prophetic qualities of the coin is the
brochure of the Israel Government Coins
and Medals Corporation, the distributing
agency, that accompanied its issuance last
year. It begins with the stirring words:

. . and all the nations shall flow
unto it.” Isaiah 2:2 (referring to
Jerusalem.)

What is most fascinating about this
quotation in relation to the coin's sug-
gested symbolism is that it is followed
two sentences later by Isaiah's famous
prophecy:

“And He shall judge between nations,
and shall decide for many peoples,
and they shall beat their swords
into plowshares and their spears into
pruninghooks;

Nation shall not lift up sword against
nation;

neither shall they learn war anymore.”

While skeptics may sneer and cry “co-
incidence” or “wishful thinking,” there
seems to be no doubt but that the 1977
anniversary coin, preceding as it did the
Sadat-Begin conference, does at least hint
of an historical happening. Certainly with
so many miracles having occurred in Is-
rael's 30 years of existence, what really
is so impossible about another small mir-
acle, this time in 34 mm. silver?

GREATER MIAMI COIN CONVENTION

Held Simultaneously with the Convention of

THE AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION

OCTOBER 19th - 22nd, 1978

DEAUVILLE HOTEL
COLLINS AVENUE AT 67th STREET
MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA

EXHIBITS — BOURSE
EDUCATIONAL FORUM

General Chairman — EDWARD SCHUMAN

Bourse Chairman
JACK GARFIELD
2750 N.E. 183 Street
N. Miami Beach, Fla. 33160

Convention Auction by John Queen / Royal Enterprises

coins of
jncielnT Isrsel

by David Hendin

Some New Testament Coins

In this column we are going to talk
about a few of the coins referred to in
the New Testament.

One of the most commonly cited coins
mentioned in the New Testament is the
“tribute penny ” This coin is referred to
in the story in which Jesus is asked, “Is
it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar , or
not?” (Matthew 22:17). This refers to
the tax or tribute collected in the name
of the emperor.

“Show me the tribute money. And they
brought unto him a penny. And he saith
unto them. Whose is this image and
superscription? They say unto him, Cae-
sar’s. Then saith he unto them, Render
therefore unto Caesar the things which
are Caesar’s; and unto God the things
that are God’s” (Matthew 22:19-21).

TRIBUTE PENNY

The particular coins referred to as the
tribute penny is commonly thought to be
the denarius (or silver penny) of Tiberius,
which depicts Livia, his mother, and the
inscription PONTIF MAXIM on the re-
verse.

Another frequently mentioned coin of
the New Testament is the “widow’s mite ”
or lepton. This is the coin referred to
in the story from Mark (22:41-44).

“And Jesus sat over against the treas-
ury, and beheld how the people cast
money into the treasury; and many that
were rich cast in much. And there came
a certain poor widow, and she threw in
two mites, which make a farthing. And
he called unto him his disciples, and saith
unto them, Verily I say unto you. That

WIDOW'S MITE

this poor widow hath cast more in. than
all they which have cast into the treas-
ury. For all they did cast in of their
abundance; but she of her want did cast
in all that she had . .

It is most commonly thought that these
“mites” were the small bronze coins of
the Maccabean kings. It is, however, also
possible that the small coins of Herod the
Great, Herod Archelaus, or even, per-
haps, one of the early procurators could
have been the “mites” that widow threw
into the treasury of the Temple in Jeru-
salem.

The final coin to which we will refer
here is the silver shekel of Tyre, com-
monly thought to be the type of coin
used to pay Judas for betraying Jesus.
(Silver tetradrachms of Philippus Phila-
delphia or Augustus struck in Antioch
have been cited as alternate types.)

“And he (Judas) said unto them, What
will ye give me, and I will deliver him
(Jesus) unto you? And they covenanted
with him for thirty pieces of silver”
(Matthew 26:15).

If any of our readers can cite other
instances . of coinage mentioned in the
New Testament, please let us know and
we will discuss them in future columns.

30 PIECES OF SILVER

THE MORGENTHAUS

By EDWARD SCHUMAN

A0Q000001 A

A00000001 A

WASH INCH l\ 111

100.000

THE HOTED STATES OFAMEBIfA '
ONE HTNDRED THOI N AM) POLI AKS IN GOLD

i , PATARLK TO BK.VREB OHPgMAUM AS .MTHOHUKD BTUW C~

COIN WORLD, the leading numis-
matic weekly newspaper, edited by Mar-
go Russell, and published by the Amos
Press in Sidney, Ohio, recently carried
the story of an extremely rare and unique
collection of bank notes formerly under
control of the United States Treasury
having been turned over to the Smithson-
ian Institution where they were proudly
placed on permanent exhibit. Among the
notes were some of the highest denomi-
nation ever issued by the United States
Treasury, the $100,000 gold certificate
of 1934!

This note carries on it the signature
of a person whose name as well as family
name is very well associated with Jewish
life in America. The signature is that of
Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Secretary of the
Treasury of the United States of America
from January 1st, 1934 until his resig-
nation on July 22nd, 1945. His tenure
of office as Secretary of the Treasury
was eleven and one half years, the long-
est in American history.

The Morgenthau name has always been
linked with unselfish public service in
the interest of our country, as well as
a dedicated supporter of all major Jewish
causes.

His father, Henry Morgenthau, Sr.,
was a German immigrant who came to
America at the age of ten, graduated from
the Columbia University School of Law
in 1877 and entered the business world.

He relinquished a very successful law
practice to enter the field of real estate
as president of the Central Realty Bond
Company (1899-1905) and later as foun-
der and president of the Henry Morgen-
thau Company (1905-13). He was chair-
man of the finance committees of the
Democratic National Committees of 1912
and 1916. Having made his fortune over
these twenty-five years, he devoted the
remainder of his life to humanitarian and
public service. He served as ambassador
to the Ottoman Empire from 1913-1916
and was instrumental in aiding those
Christian missionaries, Armenians and
Jews in the Turkish Empire.

At the outbreak of World War I Mor-
genthau assumed complete charge of the
interests of nine belligerent nations and
made a successful appeal on behalf of
the Jewish colonists in Palestine, who
had been reduced to great want by the
stern military governor, Djemal Pasha.
Morgenthau was an incorporator of the
Red Cross and vice-chairman of Near
East Relief, Inc. (1919-21). He also
served both on a commission to investi-
gate conditions in Poland (1919) and as
chairman of the Greek Refugee Settle-
ment Commission (1923).

His son, Henry Morgenthau, Jr. was
born in New York City in 1891. His
avocation was agriculture and he be-
came an expert in this field. He owned
a large farm in Dutchess County, New

York, and was a neighbor as well as
friend of Franklin D. Roosevelt. When
Roosevelt became governor of New York
State, his friend Henry was appointed to
a number of important State offices. The
state work projects developed during his
term as State Conservation Commissioner
were the patterns for the National pro-
grams later instituted. With Roosevelt as
President, he served as head of the Fed-
eral Farm Board, the Farm Credit Ad-
ministration, and Secretary of the Treas-
ury on January 1st, 1934. He was re-
sponsible for the complete reorganization
of the Dept, of the Treasury, and was
a strong supporter for tax reform which
placer a greater burden on the wealthy.

During his eleven-year tenure in that
office he raised $450,000,000,000 for
Government operations, the administra-
tion of New Deal projects, and the con-
duct of the war — a sum far exceeding
that raised in the entire previous one
hundred and forty-five years of the Gov-
ernment's existence.

He was at the forefront of many lead-
ing humanitarian and relief activities
during World War II. The War Refugee
Board was established through his sug-
gestions.

Morgenthau retired shortly after Roo-

HENRY M. MORGENTHAU, JR.

U.S. Government Medal

Bronze, diam. 3", by R. Sinnock, Mint Engraver

sevelt’s death. He was very active in
Jewish affairs and served as general chair-
man (1947-50) and honorary chairman
(1951-53) of the United Jewish Appeal.
He was also chairman of the board of
the American Financial and Development
Corporation for Israel from 1951 to
1954.

He served as a member of the Board
of Governors of the Hebrew University
in Jerusalem. He was a willing worker
and contributor to B’nai Brith, the Jew-
ish Welfare Board and countless other
charities. He died at Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
on February 4, 1967.

The wisdom and tireless devotion of
both Morgenthaus in public service to
their country, to humanitarian endeavors,
as well as their leadership in Jewish cul-
tural and philanthropic organizations will
never he forgotten.

The proud tradition of service of the
Morgenthau family continues: Henry's
son, Robert Morris Morgenthau was, un-
til 1970, U.S. Attorney for the Southern
district of New York, and was known
nationally for integrity and efficient pro-
secution. He, too, is an active leader in
many Jewish cultural, civic and philan-
thropic organizations.

Henry Morgenthau, Sr.
Plaque - Cast Bronze
6-3/16" x 4-1/2" by I. Sors

Profile of a Signature —
AVRAHAM ETKIND

By FRANZ FRANKL

SeZALEL JAFFES was the chief
signature on all Tel-Aviv Waad tokens
1914. Mr. Jaffe must have heen an im-
portant person. As more and more
tokens had to be signed, a rubber stamp
was made for his signature.

There is another signature not only
on all Waad tokens 1914 but also on the
five known pattern samples of the 1 Bish-
lik token which were never issued.

Avraham Etkind was 18 years old
when he came to Palestine. Like so many
other immigrants of the First Allijah he
was proud of his Judaic heritage and
said he came from Russia. A. Etkind was
bom in that part of Eastern Europe
which during the last century was at vari-
ous times under Austrian and Russian
rule. He preferred to take advantage of
the “ Special Rights' of the Foreign Con-
sulates and never became a Turkish cit-
izen. World War 1 broke out and the
Turks expelled all ‘ enemy aliens". Et-
kind decided to stay on. He took the
long (about 2 days each way) trip to
Tiberias to see the Austrian consul. As
he had all the proof that he was born
under “Austrian Rule" and the Consul
gave him a “ Matricola n — a register of
birth. In early 1916 Etkind received an
" Austrian Citizen Identity '* Card which
enabled him to stay legally in Jaffa.

The British under Allenhy conquered
Southern Palestine in 1917 — Etkind
could now prove that be came from Rus-
sia. The border to Egypt was closed for
all and any civilian traffic, but somehow
Etkind received a “Laissez Passcz" for

one journey to Egypt, issued by the Mili-
tary Commander of Jaffa, signed by the
Military Commander of Kantara, Raffa
etc. This rare document contained " rules
for guidance ” of the traveller. Later the
same year Etkind was one of only two
Jewish clerks working for the British Ad-
ministration for Occupied Enemy Ter-
ritories whose office, like the rest of the
British Army, was Arabophile.

When Etkind heard ahout the cere-
mony to lay the cornerstone of the
Hebrew University he asked his British
superior for leave and was turned down.
As Etkind rememhers he asked: “But
how can I miss this ceremony? I who
left Russia and wandered all the way
to the Holy Land?" This question so up-
set the British Major that Etkind got his
leave. The ride to Jerusalem took well
over 8 hours: Once there Etkind and
hundred others who all came without an
invitation walked towards Mount Scopus.
The area was desolate, in single file they
climbed up the mountain. The evening
wind was hlowing so hard that it was al-
most impossible to understand the speak-
ers. But they WERE THERE.

Etkind in later years was the chief ac-
countant of Bank Zerubabel, the im-
portant bank of the cooperative move-
ment. His signature, however, is not on
the share of the bank.

EDITOR'S NOTE:

For additional information on the Tel-
Aviv Waad notes see First Necessity Cur-
rency - Palestine 1914.

The SHEKEL, Vol. XI, No. 1, Jan-Feb. 1978

.1918 D’sisn -in ■?? rr-oyn niro-a’mn iv nrsn px r.nan

LAYING THE FOUNDATION-STONE OF THE HEBREW UNIVER-
SITY ON MOUNT SCOPUS, 1918

N. aPK-w iyi .A

nteo *?dx ’sis r\r\b nippao nnn neip
bv disc bv lrn xpncn bvib

ins

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Sr :•» Sj wi Kprea btd^f

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A. ETKIND'S signature in Hebrew on Tel Aviv Emergency Notes.

WHEREAS: The hobby of coin-collecting has drawn numerous followers from many countries

throughout the years and is not only educational and relaxing, but helps
develop a keener appreciation for the culture of others, and

WHEREAS: National Coin Week is an opportunity bo focus well-deserved attention and

emphasis on the importance of coins, their development and role in commerce,
and

WHEREAS: The Israel Numismatic Society of Greater Miami, in conjunction with the

American Numismatic Association, will observe National Coin Week, beginning
April 16. 1978;

NOW, THEREFORE; BE IT RESOLVED THAT I, STEPHEN P. CLARK, MAYOR OF METROPOLITAN DADE COUNTY,
FLORIDA, do hereby proclaim the week beginning Sunday, April 16, 1978, as

Natimtal (Cniit Urrk

IN OBSERVANCE THEREOF: I congratulate the Israel Numismatic Society of Greater Miami and its

members for their interest and dedication in preserving our legacy to
the past as symbolized by the importance of coins while wishing them
continued success in their avocation.

kimtsmatt^Dfiatimt

WHEREAS. ON AUK / 1. ;97^, THE STATE OE ISRAEL WILL U.l.ERKMl EIS 30111 1 NSIVLRSr
.IKK. .AXD TO COAUiKAlO/U/7: 77//5 EVENT. THE STATE Ol ISRAEI 117/./. /SSI/ t fCMLW£*l*
ORATIVE COIN BEARING THE MOTIF Oh ‘77//: TLOTU ARE l Mil l> Willi IIIEIR LAM)”
AND

WHEREAS. THOUSANDS OE AMERICANS FOLLOW hi II. /)/ Ml OEMINT OF THE SEMI Ol
ISRAEL THROUGH ITS COMMEMORATIVE COINS, AND TUI UIERH AN ISRAEL \l UISM MIC
ASSOCIATION MAINTAIN Till TIE WITH ISRAEI WITH THE M \NY COIEECTORS BELONGING
TO THE ASSOC! A LION AND

WHEREAS. ON MAY 28. 1978. THREE SISTER ISRAEL NUMISMATIC SOCIETIES , EOS ANGELES.
SAN FERNANDO VALEEV AND SAN <» \ RRU I VALLEY (AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN
ISRAEI NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION) WILE CULMINATE ISRAEI ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION
WITH AS AU DA T AFFAIR ISRAEL HOE VI. AND EXI’O 78” AM) Till RE t VILE RE EXHIBITS.
EDI CATION \L FORUM AND ST AMI' AND COIN DEMERS

SOW. THEREFORE. E TOM BRADLEY. MAYOR Oh THE CITY Ol EOS ANGELES. OS FEMALE OF

trs an/, ins. do hereby trouaim may 2$ tiiROUGH ji \i 3. 197s as "Americas isr m l
NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION WEEK * IN Till ( ELY OF EOS ASgEEF.S AND URGE AI L (im/J-NS
TO TAKE NOTE OE THIS ORGANI/ATION'S INTERESTS AND TIVITIES

AUK. 1978

(ry^x. /Jauzj&u,/

MAYOR

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Full text of "The Shekel, vol. 11, no. 4, 1978"

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